|
Parables from Greek Words
Each letter of the Greek alphabet also represents a number, and the Greek counting system was based on adding up the numerical values of the letters. The letters and corresponding numbers are shown below:
| 1 |
Alpha |
α |
| 2 |
Beta |
β |
| 3 |
Gamma |
γ |
| 4 |
Delta |
δ |
| 5 |
Epsilon |
ε |
| 6 |
Terminal Sigma |
ς |
| 7 |
Zeta |
ζ |
| 8 |
Eta |
η |
| 9 |
Theta |
θ |
| 10 |
Iota |
ι |
| 20 |
Kappa |
κ |
| 30 |
Lambda |
λ |
| 40 |
Mu |
μ |
| 50 |
Nu |
ν |
| 60 |
Xi |
ξ |
| 70 |
Omicron |
ο |
| 80 |
Pi |
π |
| 100 |
Rho |
ρ |
| 200 |
Sigma |
σ |
| 300 |
Tau |
τ |
| 400 |
Upsilon |
υ |
| 500 |
Phi |
φ |
| 600 |
Chi |
χ |
| 700 |
Psi |
ψ |
| 800 |
Omega |
ω |
Some Greek letters are no longer used, so the numbers 90 and 900 do not have a corresponding letter. The numerical assignment was used to find words in the Septuagint (ancient Greek Old Testament, excluding the Apocrypha) and the ancient Greek Byzantine New Testament with values of 616, 666 and 1000. Various dictionaries including Strong's Concordance were used to find the meanings of the identified words.
The same was done for three randomly selected numbers between 500 and 1000 (573, 624 and 828) as a baseline for comparison to find out what significance should be placed on the conclusions that are drawn from the results for 616, 666 and 1000.
In the results below, a chapter/verse reference is given for the first usage of each word in the Bible. The results for the random numbers 573, 624 and 828 are shown first. Where I have not been able to determine the meaning of a word, I have written "Unknown". The fourth column in each table is a very basic keyword recognition analysis to indicate whether I think this word could have parable-based significance based on what I have written previously. Commonly used terms are not expected to be linked to parables. I have given each word a 'Yes', 'No' or 'Maybe' and then determined if any of the terms link together or are repeated in different sections.
Words that add up to 573
|
γυμνοι
|
Ge2:25
|
Naked
|
Maybe
|
|
ευλογειν
|
Ge28:6
|
To praise; celebrate with praises
|
Yes
|
|
υπεθηκαν
|
Exo17:12
|
To place under
|
No
|
|
προσαναβηναι
|
Exo19:23
|
Go on/up
|
No
|
|
δειλιασητε
|
Deu1:21
|
To be timid or fearful
|
No
|
|
τηκομενοι
|
Deu32:24
|
Melt; destroy by melting
|
Yes
|
|
λογου
|
Deu32:47
|
Word, saying, account, speech, Word (Christ)
|
Yes
|
|
κεφαλαις
|
1Sm29:4
|
The head; metaphor for chief
|
No
|
|
εζευγμενην
|
2Sm20:8
|
Yoke, bind fast
|
No
|
|
επιπιπτη
|
Job33:15
|
To fall upon, to rush or press upon
|
No
|
|
καταθλασαι
|
Psa42:10
|
Unknown, probably sword
|
Maybe
|
|
επικαλεσησθε
|
Prv1:28
|
To put a name upon; to surname
|
No
|
|
αναβιβασατε
|
Jer51:27
|
To cause to go up or ascend
|
No
|
|
δοξαζοντες
|
Lam1:8
|
Glorify, honour, have glory
|
Maybe
|
|
ηφιεν
|
Mark1:34
|
To send away
|
No
|
|
τιμησει
|
John12:26
|
Honour, value
|
Maybe
|
|
υπελαβεν
|
Acts1:9
|
Suppose, answer, receive
|
No
|
|
ατενισας
|
Acts3:4
|
To fix the eyes on; gaze upon
|
No
|
|
ημαρτηκαμεν
|
1John1:10
|
Sin
|
Yes
|
|
εσταθην
|
Rev13:1
|
To cause or make to stand
|
No
|
|
βληθησεται
|
Rev18:21
|
Cast, put, thrust, cast out, scatter
|
Yes
|
Words that add up to 624
|
πλησατε
|
Ge44:1
|
To fill, swell, burn
|
Yes
|
|
εξαναστας
|
Exo21:19
|
To stand; bring to a standstill
|
No
|
|
δουλον
|
Lev25:44
|
A slave
|
Maybe
|
|
μεταβαλομενοι
|
Josh8:21
|
To change one’s opinion
|
No
|
|
βασανιτιν
|
Josh13:11
|
Bashan (a place)
|
No
|
|
επιγνους
|
Ruth2:19
|
To know accurately, know well
|
Yes
|
|
ηρετισα
|
1Sm25:35
|
To choose
|
No
|
|
νηστειαν
|
2Sm12:16
|
A fasting, fast
|
Yes
|
|
βακχα
|
1Ki4:12
|
Baana (the son of Ahilud)
|
No
|
|
θυσει
|
1Ki13:2
|
To sacrifice, immolate
|
Yes
|
|
μηρους
|
2Ki19:23
|
Thigh
|
No
|
|
εζητησαμεν
|
1Chr15:13
|
To seek in order to find
|
No
|
|
αργουν
|
Ezra4:24
|
To be idle, inactive, to linger, delay
|
No
|
|
νηπιους
|
Psa119:130
|
An infant, little child
|
Maybe
|
|
τηρηση
|
Prv7:5
|
To attend to carefully, take care of
|
Maybe
|
|
δρυμοι
|
Isa10:18
|
Thicket, copse
|
No
|
|
εβδελυγμενοι
|
Hos9:10
|
Abominable
|
No
|
|
τριημεριαν
|
Amos4:4
|
Unknown
|
No
|
|
καλουμενη
|
Luke1:36
|
To call
|
No
|
|
παρακαθισασα
|
Luke10:39
|
Sit
|
No
|
|
απεδιδουν
|
Acts4:33
|
To deliver; to sell
|
Yes
|
|
βασανισμον
|
Rev18:7
|
Torment, torture
|
Maybe
|
Words that add up to 828
|
εξηρχεν
|
Exo15:21
|
Rule, begin
|
Maybe
|
|
οσφην
|
Lev9:19
|
Loins
|
No
|
|
εξηψεν
|
Num8:3
|
Ignite; make contact
|
Yes
|
|
εμπεπαιχας
|
Num22:29
|
Mock; delude/deceive
|
Yes
|
|
ηκω
|
Num22:38
|
To have come, have arrived, be present
|
Maybe
|
|
πορευομενη
|
Jdgs4:9
|
To lead over, carry over, transfer
|
No
|
|
ευλογειτε
|
Jdgs5:2
|
Bless, praise
|
Yes
|
|
εξυρησεν
|
Jdgs16:19
|
To shear, shave
|
No
|
|
επεβλεψα
|
1Sm9:16
|
Regard, look, have respect to
|
No
|
|
σκηπτρον
|
1Sm10:20
|
Walking stick
|
No
|
|
επταπλασιονα
|
2Sm12:6
|
Unknown
|
No
|
|
σοφην
|
2Sm14:2
|
Wise, skilled
|
Yes
|
|
στησον
|
2Sm24:18
|
To stand
|
No
|
|
επορευομην
|
1Ki2:8
|
To lead over, carry over, transfer
|
No
|
|
φρονιμην
|
1Ki3:12
|
Intelligent, wise
|
Yes
|
|
εχομενην
|
1Ki9:26
|
To have
|
No
|
|
σφραγιδι
|
1Ki21:8
|
A seal
|
Yes
|
|
στερησει
|
Psa84:11
|
To deprive, bereave, rob of
|
Maybe
|
|
χειμερινη
|
Prv27:15
|
Unknown
|
No
|
|
ξυρησιν
|
Isa22:12
|
Baldness
|
No
|
|
βεβηλουται
|
Isa48:11
|
To profane, desecrate
|
Maybe
|
|
ανακαμψει
|
Jer3:1
|
Return, turn again
|
Yes
|
|
συμβολοις
|
Hos4:12
|
Unknown
|
No
|
|
ματαιους
|
Mic1:14
|
Vain; useless, of no purpose
|
No
|
|
σκεπασθητε
|
Zep2:3
|
To cover/shelter
|
No
|
|
δεχεσθε
|
Zec1:6
|
To take up, receive
|
No
|
|
διεφημισαν
|
Mat9:31
|
Spread abroad (one’s) fame
|
Maybe
|
|
μαθητου
|
Mat10:42
|
Disciple
|
Yes
|
|
διαπερασαντος
|
Mark5:21
|
Pass over, go over, pass, sail over
|
Maybe
|
|
ασβεστον
|
Mark9:43
|
Unquenched, unquenchable
|
No
|
|
κατηγορειται
|
Acts22:30
|
To accuse
|
No
|
|
ενεφανισας
|
Acts23:22
|
To manifest, exhibit to view
|
No
|
|
σεβαστον
|
Acts25:25
|
A title for Roman emperors
|
Maybe
|
|
επλεονεκτησεν
|
2Co12:18
|
Make a gain, defraud, get an advantage
|
Yes
|
|
φερομενην
|
1Pe1:13
|
To carry
|
No
|
|
αρτιγεννητα
|
1Pe2:2
|
Just born, newborn
|
Maybe
|
|
εγευσασθε
|
1Pe2:3
|
Taste, eat
|
Yes
|
The following table shows the percentages of terms that could have parable-based relevance:
|
Word Number
|
Yes Relevant (%)
|
Maybe Relevant (%)
|
Not Relevant (%)
|
|
573 |
24
|
19
|
57
|
|
624 |
23
|
18
|
59
|
|
828 |
27
|
22
|
51
|
The following list shows possible links between the terms:
Spiritual Wisdom (666/616)
- The Word (573).
- Wise, skilled (828).
- Intelligent, wise (828).
- To know accurately (624).
Common sense wisdom (666/616)
- Value (573).
- To sell (624).
- Make a gain (828).
Plagues
- A seal (828) could relate to the seven seals of Revelation.
- Melt; destroy by melting (573).
- Burn (624).
- Ignite (828).
- Pass over (828) could relate to the Passover meal, where the Israelites were not harmed by the final plague in the book of Exodus.
- Scatter (573); this is what happened to the people who tried to build the tower of Babel, representing New Jerusalem.
Jesus
- The head; metaphor for chief (573).
- Taste/eat spiritual food (828).
- Disciple (828).
- A sacrifice (624); his crucifixion.
- Torment, torture (624); his crucifixion.
- Return (828) and to have come (828).
Paul
- To praise (573, 828).
- Deceive (828).
- Sin (573).
- Fasting (624).
- Glorify (573).
In addition, both infant (624) and newborn (828) could link to the birth of Jesus.
In total, 28 out of 80 terms can be linked together (35%), which is much higher than for the corresponding random set of Hebrew words. It can be seen that a relatively large number of links can be made with a random data set, although these links would not normally be considered good enough to be included as supporting evidence for parables.
Words that add up to 666
|
σκοτος
|
Ge1:2
|
Darkness
|
Maybe
|
|
πλευραν
|
Ge2:22
|
The side of the body
|
No
|
|
απεκυλιον
|
Ge29:3
|
To roll off or away
|
No
|
|
προειλατο
|
Ge34:8
|
Choose
|
No
|
|
εκζητειται
|
Ge42:22
|
To seek out, search for
|
No
|
|
εξαπατησαι
|
Exo8:29
|
To deceive
|
Yes
|
|
λιθουργικης
|
Exo28:11
|
Unknown
|
No
|
|
χιλιαδες
|
Num1:21
|
The number one thousand
|
Yes
|
|
προτεραι
|
Num6:12
|
Previous, former, before, prior
|
No
|
|
κορους
|
Num11:32
|
Measure
|
No
|
|
πιστος
|
Num12:7
|
Believe
|
Yes
|
|
προσκειμενοις
|
Num15:15
|
To lie (down)
|
No
|
|
αφειλον
|
Num31:52
|
Take away, cut off, smite off
|
No
|
|
τερασιν
|
Deu4:34
|
Miracle
|
Yes
|
|
θαυμασει
|
Deu28:50
|
To wonder, wonder at, marvel
|
Maybe
|
|
μετοικισαι
|
Jdgs2:3
|
To transfer settlers
|
No
|
|
δραμουμαι
|
2Sm18:23
|
To run
|
Maybe
|
|
χελκια
|
2Ki22:12
|
Hilkiah (a priest)
|
Maybe
|
|
υπομειναι
|
Job3:9
|
To remain; suffer; persevere
|
Maybe
|
|
δυνασαι
|
Job10:13
|
To be able to do something
|
No
|
|
ελκυσαι
|
Job20:28
|
To draw, drag off
|
No
|
|
στειραν
|
Job24:21
|
Barren/sterile
|
Yes
|
|
συναγαγη
|
Job27:16
|
To join/gather together, join in one
|
Yes
|
|
εμεθυσας
|
Psa65:9
|
To be drunken; metaphor: of one who has shed blood or murdered profusely
|
Maybe
|
|
διδασκοντας
|
Psa119:99
|
To teach
|
Yes
|
|
ειλκυσα
|
Psa119:131
|
To draw, drag off
|
No
|
|
επαιρου
|
Prv3:5
|
To lift up, raise up, raise on high; to exalt one’s self
|
No
|
|
σκοτειναι
|
Prv4:19
|
Full of darkness
|
Maybe
|
|
οικουμενα
|
Prv8:26
|
To dwell in
|
No
|
|
καιομενου
|
Isa4:5
|
To set on fire, light, burning
|
Yes
|
|
εποτισα
|
Jer25:17
|
To give to drink
|
Maybe
|
|
συηνη
|
Eze30:16
|
A city in Egypt
|
Maybe
|
|
φρενες
|
Dan4:34
|
The faculty of perceiving and judging; understanding
|
Yes
|
|
απειρου
|
Zec 11:15
|
Inexperienced in, without experience of
|
No
|
|
επτερνικαμεν
|
Mal3:8
|
Steal/rob
|
No
|
|
ορκους
|
Mat5:33
|
Oath
|
No
|
|
απολλυμεθα
|
Mat8:25
|
To destroy
|
Yes
|
|
νομικους
|
Luke14:3
|
Pertaining to the law, one learned in the law
|
Yes
|
|
σκαπτειν
|
Luke16:3
|
To dig
|
No
|
|
λοιπους
|
Luke18:9
|
The rest of the things that remain
|
No
|
|
ευπορια
|
Acts19:25
|
Riches, means, wealth
|
Yes
|
|
εκελευσα
|
Acts25:17
|
To command, to order
|
Maybe
|
|
δεσποτας
|
1Ti6:1
|
A master, Lord
|
Yes
|
|
τετελεκα
|
2Ti4:7
|
To bring to a close, to finish, to end; to pay
|
Yes
|
|
χξς
|
Rev13:18
|
666 (the written number)
|
No
|
Words that add up to 616
|
αδελφος
|
Ge4:9
|
Brother
|
Yes
|
|
στειρα
|
Ge11:30
|
Barren/sterile
|
Yes
|
|
εφραθα
|
Ge35:16
|
Ephrath (Bethlehem)
|
Yes
|
|
ισμαηλιταις
|
Ge37:27
|
Ishmaelites
|
Maybe
|
|
αχει
|
Ge41:2
|
Adder/viper
|
Yes
|
|
γαμβρου
|
Exo3:1
|
Son-in-law; father-in-law
|
Maybe
|
|
επλυναν
|
Exo19:14
|
To wash (clothing)
|
Yes
|
|
πλευρα
|
Exo27:7
|
The side of the body
|
No
|
|
προσρανει
|
Lev4:6
|
To sprinkle
|
Yes
|
|
θεραποντα
|
Num11:11
|
Servant
|
Yes
|
|
φιλος
|
Deu13:6
|
Friend
|
No
|
|
εξομολογησιν
|
Josh7:19
|
Thanksgiving
|
No
|
|
επισκεπηση
|
1Sm20:18
|
To look after, have care for, provide for
|
Yes
|
|
επιβιβασατε
|
1Ki1:33
|
To place upon
|
No
|
|
σαναβαλλατ
|
Neh2:10
|
Sanballat
|
Yes
|
|
φαρδαθα
|
Est9:8
|
Poratha, one of the ten sons of Haman
|
Yes
|
|
κατεγελασαν
|
Job30:1
|
Laugh to scorn
|
No
|
|
υπνοις
|
Psa44:23
|
Sleep
|
Yes
|
|
παραγοντες
|
Psa129:8
|
To lead
|
Maybe
|
|
πορνοκοπος
|
Prv23:21
|
Unknown, probably glutton
|
No
|
|
απεκρυβη
|
Prv27:12
|
To hide
|
No
|
|
ελαφοι
|
Isa34:15
|
A deer
|
No
|
|
αμφοδα
|
Jer17:27
|
Place where two ways meet; a road around anything, a street
|
No
|
|
μεγιστανας
|
Jer24:8
|
Lords (e.g. of a city)
|
Yes
|
|
κυριοις
|
Amos4:1
|
Lord
|
Yes
|
|
επικαλου
|
Jonah1:6
|
To put a name upon, to surname
|
No
|
|
αντικεισθαι
|
Zec3:1
|
To be set over against, opposite to
|
No
|
|
παρακλητος
|
John14:26
|
Comforter; advocate
|
Yes
|
|
επιπρασκον
|
Acts2:45
|
To sell
|
Yes
|
|
απολλυε
|
Rom14:15
|
To destroy
|
Yes
|
|
αυγασαι
|
2Co4:4
|
Shine
|
No
|
|
γευση
|
Col2:21
|
Taste, eat
|
Yes
|
|
θεσσαλονικεις
|
1Th5:28
|
Thessalonians
|
Yes
|
Words that add up to 1000
|
κυριου
|
Ge3:8
|
Lord
|
Yes
|
|
εκλειπων
|
Ge25:29
|
Fail; to leave, quit
|
No
|
|
υπνου
|
Ge28:16
|
Sleep
|
Yes
|
|
πλουτον
|
Ge31:16
|
Riches, wealth
|
Yes
|
|
πονω
|
Ge34:25
|
Pain
|
Maybe
|
|
σω
|
Exo5:23
|
Thy, thine
|
No
|
|
επανωθεν
|
Exo25:20
|
From above, above
|
Yes
|
|
βεβηλωμενην
|
Lev21:7
|
To profane, desecrate
|
Maybe
|
|
μωμον
|
Lev21:23
|
Blemish, blot, disgrace
|
No
|
|
κολπω
|
Deu13:6
|
The front of the body between the arms; a bay by the sea
|
Maybe
|
|
μιρων
|
Josh18:26
|
Name of a city
|
No
|
|
λεχθεντα
|
Josh24:27
|
To say, to speak
|
No
|
|
κυριευειν
|
Jdgs9:2
|
Have dominion over, exercise lordship over, be Lord of; Lords
|
Yes
|
|
μεινωμεν
|
Jdgs16:2
|
To remain, abide
|
No
|
|
πεπωκει
|
1Sm30:12
|
To drink; to receive spiritual teaching.
|
Maybe
|
|
πεφευγας
|
1Ki2:29
|
To flee away, seek safety by flight
|
Yes
|
|
φουλ
|
2Ki15:19
|
Pul, king of Assyria
|
Maybe
|
|
εμερων
|
1Chr1:41
|
Amram (son of Dishon)
|
No
|
|
παυσηται
|
Job14:13
|
To make to cease or desist
|
No
|
|
ενεδρευοντες
|
Job38:40
|
To lie in wait for
|
No
|
|
λοιμων
|
Psa1:1
|
Pest, plague
|
Yes
|
|
κατενεμησατο
|
Psa80:13
|
Pasture
|
No
|
|
ητοιμασατο
|
Prv9:2
|
To make ready, prepare
|
Maybe
|
|
ηβουλοντο
|
Isa1:29
|
Be willing; to have a purpose
|
No
|
|
φαγοντος
|
Jer31:30
|
To eat
|
Yes
|
|
αποκαταστηθι
|
Jer47:6
|
To restore to its former state; to uphold
|
Maybe
|
|
μαριμωθ
|
Eze47:19
|
Meribah (as in Meribah-Kadesh)
|
Yes
|
|
οπων
|
Zec14:12
|
Cave, place; through which one can see, an opening, an aperture
|
No
|
|
πιστευε
|
Mark5:36
|
Believe
|
Yes
|
|
πεμφθεντες
|
Luke7:10
|
To send
|
No
|
|
προσεποιειτο
|
Luke24:28
|
To take or claim a thing to one’s self; to pretend
|
No
|
|
γαλλιωνος
|
Acts18:12
|
Gallio (deputy of Achaia)
|
No
|
|
χορηγησαι
|
2Co9:10
|
Minister, give, lead a chorus
|
Yes
|
|
μακροθυμειτε
|
1Th5:14
|
Be patient
|
No
|
|
βλασφημησαι
|
Rev13:6
|
Blaspheme
|
Yes
|
The following table gives statistics on the terms that I think may be relevant. Although I have labelled some terms as 'No' or 'Maybe', some of these are included in the linking analysis (below). Furthermore, when other parables are discovered in the future, some of these terms may relate to them.
|
Word Number
|
Yes Relevant (%)
|
Maybe Relevant (%)
|
Not Relevant (%)
|
|
666 |
31
|
22
|
47
|
|
616 |
55
|
9
|
36
|
|
1000 |
34
|
20
|
46
|
It can be seen that all three numbers tested (666, 616 and 1000) outperformed the three random numbers (573, 624 and 828), but to a much lesser extent than for the Hebrew words. The quality of the data is probably not good enough to support other parables. However, the terms have been linked together as follows:
Plagues:
- To wash (616).
- To sprinkle (616).
- To destroy (616).
- To set on fire (666).
- Plague (1000).
- The number one thousand (666).
- Sleep, a parable for death (616, 1000).
- From above (the source of the plague in 2039) – 1000.
- To run (666) and to flee away (to the mountains, Luke 21:21) – 1000.
- Pain (1000) and suffering (666).
- Meribah (this place is associated with Moses striking a rock and water coming out, perhaps representing a plague) – 1000.
Pauline theology and the priesthood:
- Thessalonians (616).
- Darkness (666) and full of darkness (666).
- Viper (616).
- Deceive (666).
- Hilkiah the priest (666).
- Pertaining to the law, one learned in the law (666).
- Poratha, one of Haman's ten sons (perhaps a representation of the Ten Commandments) – 616.
- To be drunken; a metaphor for one who murders profusely (in Revelation 17:6, this is a description of the whore of Babylon) – 666.
666 ('common sense'):
- To sell (616).
- To pay (666).
- Riches, means, wealth (666); there is a similar word that adds up to 1000, but this has not been included.
666 wisdom
- The faculty of perceiving and judging; understanding (666).
Jesus
- Lord (616, 666 and 1000, mentioned five times in total).
- Ephrath (Bethlehem) – 616.
- To look after (616) and servant (616).
- Comforter/advocate (Holy Spirit) – 616.
- Believe (666 and 1000).
- To teach (666).
- Miracle (666).
- To wonder at; marvel (666).
- Brother (616).
- Sterile (Sarah and Abraham) (616 and 666).
- To lead (616).
- To eat (spiritual food) – 616, 1000. Possibly glutton (616).
- To drink; figuratively, to receive spiritual teaching (1000). To give to drink (666).
New Jerusalem
- Sanballat (616), a man who opposed the building of the temple.
- To make ready (1000); to restore to its former state (1000).
In total, 53 out of 113 terms are linked together (47%). Although this is higher than that for the random set (35%), it would be difficult to use this data to support other parables. Many links point to Jesus, which does not occur in the analysis of Hebrew words. This may reflect that the Gospels (which talk about Jesus) were written in Greek rather than Hebrew. The letters after the Gospels were also written in Greek, which is perhaps the reason for the linguistic marker in the word 'Hellenic', which means 'Greek'. The low success rate may also indicate that the Gospels are relatively inaccurate, and not a true representation of what Jesus said. This idea is discussed elsewhere.
The same test has been performed on English words (A=1, B=2, ... Y=700, Z=800) for the KJV Bible and a word list (5desk.txt). The results were negative in both cases. Words that added up to 616, 666 and 1000 did not outperform the random data sets and linking the words into potential parables was not possible. It may be useful to test modern Hebrew and Greek words for parables.
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